The Problem Of Suspected Bullying Essay - 1975 Words

When dealing with someone who is being bullied they may often be upset and it’s very important to take the problem seriously. The child/young person must be listened to in a safe and confidential environment where they are able to express their distress without fear of being embarrassed and where they are free from reprisals. In any case of suspected bullying, concerns about possible signs or changes in behaviour should be reported to the designated person. It is necessary to take what the child says seriously as it will take a lot of courage to report it. Reassure the child that they are not to blame and explain that it will be need to be passed onto someone who can help them. Write down any observations or what has been said but keep the information secure. Never promise to keep the information a secret or draw conclusions, only report what has been noticed or reported. It is necessary to keep lines of communication open with the child concerned and to update them of any out comes both, positive and negative. Support must be given on an ongoing basis so that they don’t feel as though they are alone. Some parents may really struggle to help their child who is being bullying. Some parents may have to cope with the information that their child is a bully. It is necessary to discuss what has happened with parents and work out a plan with them for handling the situation. It is important to listen to parents and let them explain how they feel. Share useful information so theyShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Bullying : Costly And Preventable859 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace bullying is a very serious act that has a negative impact on individuals and the organization as a whole. Baack (2012), describes workplace bullying as an interpersonal conflict that is a repeated mistreatment of one or more persons (ch.7, p.19). Unfortunately, despite workplace bullying being so harmful, it is often a common occurrence. In the article, Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable, Wiedmer (2010), cites a survey conducted in 2007 by the Workplace Bullying Institute-Zogby;Read MoreThe School Of Anti Bull ying1572 Words   |  7 Pagesto the child/children who engage in bullying behaviour have: †¢ sanctions and learning programmes which hold them to account for their behaviour and help them to face up to the harm they have caused †¢ they learn to behave in ways that do not cause harm in future because they have developed their emotional skills and knowledge. †¢ they learn how they can take steps to repair the harm they have caused. †¢ the whole-school community is clear about the anti-bullying stance the school takes. †¢ pupils, asRead MoreReflection Paper On Bullying1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto me. Go ahead, answer the question. Exactly. There is never a valid reason for bullying. I am not going to ramble on about the statistics, enforce the elementary anti-bullying practices, or even attempt to implement alternative solutions. My goal is to expose you to your roles in the bullying circle, motivate you to care, and hopefully drive you to change your own behaviors and the way you approach bullying. Regardless of the attempts by educators to terminate maltreatment in schools, usRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is becoming more spread at an alarming and dangerous rate. Specifically,School systems that are commonly viewed as excellent sources of receiving education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. The presence of bullying is presented like a disease and is growing. It has reached a point that to prevent it from becoming worse, school systems need to intervene or establish stricter policies towards anti-bullying so thatRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesreceiving an education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. Central Idea: The presence of bullying is growing. It has reached a point that as it is becoming worse in school systems and is affecting students of all ages. This calls for a need of intervention or the establishment of stricter policies towards anti-bullying. Introduction In spite of anyone at any age being a victim of bullying, children and teenagers are the primary targets.ChildrenRead MoreThe Department Of Education Is Clear That No Form Of Bullying1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Department of Education is clear that no form of bullying should be tolerated. The current anti-bullying guidance for schools is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ÃŒÆ'Safe to Learn: embedding anti-bullying work in schoolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TM We strongly abide by the anti-bullying policy. Everyone has the right to feel welcome, secure and happy. Bullying of any sort stops members of the setting from being able to achieve their full potential and prevents equality of opportunity. Bullying is anti-social behaviour and affects everyone it is unacceptableRead MoreCyber Bullying Has Become A Significant Problem Among Teenagers1583 Words   |  7 Pageselectronics. Verbal bullying has always happened in schools, but cyber bullying has become a significant problem amongst teenagers. Electronic access to social media outlets such as facebook, twitter, vine and snapchat, has made it easy for people to bully others and since there is no physical contact; it makes the consequences seem less severe. Despite the absence of physical contact or audible insults, cyber bullying can be even more traumatizing than traditional forms of bullying. It takes guts toRead MoreAdvertising And Peer Pressure : Advertising1564 Words   |  7 Pagesskinny. Facebook today has advertisements all ov er the page. Some on the side and some in your news feed. Though, you can easily distinguish advertisements from friend posts on your news feed by looking for the sponsored text at the bottom of the suspected post. Advertisers use social media to their benefit. Facebook and Twitter gather a lot of data about user anonymously and allow for greater control of who sees their ad. This was not possible in the television medium as anyone could be watching TVRead MoreAnalysis of Fade To Black by Alex Flinn Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesIn the beginning of the story Clinton is suspected as the person who has commit the crime. He is faced with problems of others. He is questioned by both the police and his family, of where was he when Alex was attacked. But Clinton can’t say where he was because he threw a rock at the Crusan’s house and hurt his sisters best friend. He also called his father when his mother hates when Clinton would do that. Both Alex and Clinton struggle with problems of their family and others. Alex feels asRead MoreBullying Policies And Procedures For Children And Young People1608 Words   |  7 Pagesin place to prevent bullying and most schools have a zero policy to it. We must also be aware of our own settings policy and procedures for bullying incidents and ensure that we always uphold these policies. If we do this then it leads to trust that the school and the staff take bullying seriously and will not allow it, thus giving the children and young people confidence to report any bullying incidents in confidence, knowing that it will then be looked into. The anti bullying policies and procedures

The Rise and Fall of the Italian Mafia - 1664 Words

La Cosa Nostra and the Five Families of which the surrounding area of New York City is comprised has drastically altered the culture in the region; transforming industries with brute force and attracting much public attention. Hollywood focuses on glamorizing the Mafioso lifestyle, distracting from the true nature of organized crime. Over the past decade, the key opportunities have been utilized by the Italian Mafia, resulting in a powerful behind-the-scenes dominance over many aspects we may not expect. Its gonna be a Cosa Nostra. The Honored Society, or Mafia, as it was less often called, was a vast criminal brotherhood that had developed in Palermo and western Sicily independently of the Camorra of Naples. They developed†¦show more content†¦Gambling has proven to be one of the more profitable things that the Mafia provides. From their own private casinos to games for elite clientele, to booking off-track bets in Belmont and Saratoga, their profit margins are tremendous. In the 1920s Mafia Boss Bonanno started to fix horse races, betting huge amounts of money on the known outcomes. Fixing boxing matches was also a favorite of the early crime lords. Sammy The Bull Gravano, John Gottis ex Underboss states that charitable casino events in New York from the period of 1970-1995 were most likely a front for private profiteers. A man named Joe Pistone, an undercover FBI agent who became a made man, relates to gambling events hosted by Cosa Nostra as having been taken care of by bribing city officia ls and local police officers. In the 20th century this has proved very profitable, but in the last few years has slowed down due to police forces cracking down heavily. Gambling, however, serves only a limited number of people, and more money can be made on a larger spectrum. Extortion along with the threat of violence is a very common practice among the New York Mafioso, and the Genovese family has used these tactics to substantially gain power in the past decade. When Lucky Lucchese was a boss, his family took income from virtually all importations into New York City ports, and the boats of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Mob And The Russian Mafia1323 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of organized crime they think of the Italian mob and the Russian mafia. They are the ones that they see in movies and on television, and the ones that they hear about the most. However, they were created a couple centuries after their Asian counterparts, the Yakuza in Japan, and the Triads in China. These Asian syndicates were founded in the sixteenth and seventeenth century and consisted of merchants and other people in what was basically the middle class. They were just groupsRead More Realism and Idealism for the Godfather Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pages Realis m and Idealism for the Godfather I will never forget what I felt when I first seen my first mobster movie, I was about 12 years old, it was real late at night and I just could not fall asleep. I was flipping the channels looking for something to watch, and that is when I encountered my first mobster movie. I was intrigued from beginning to end; it was like nothing I had ever seen before. The way they talked so confident and cool to the way they looked so sharp and sophisticated. AlthoughRead MoreRealism and Idealism for the Godfather1166 Words   |  5 PagesRealism and Idealism for the Godfather I will never forget what I felt when I first seen my first mobster movie, I was about 12 years old, it was real late at night and I just could not fall asleep. I was flipping the channels looking for something to watch, and that is when I encountered my first mobster movie. I was intrigued from beginning to end; it was like nothing I had ever seen before. The way they talked so confident and cool to the way they looked so sharp and sophisticated. AlthoughRead MoreGoodfellas Analysis Essay803 Words   |  4 Pageswhich is one of my favorite movies. Describe the story - Goodfellas is a mafia movie that follows closely the life of Henry Hill, played by Ray Liotta, an Irish/Italian American, and his two partners/friends, Jimmy Conway, played by Robert De Niro, and Tommy Devito, played by Joe Pesci, as they climb the ranks of organized crime, by performing hijackings, robberies and drug dealing. The film deals with the actual rise and fall of the Lucchese crime family over a period of time from 1955-1980. The filmRead MoreThe Most Problematic Crimes That Are Polluting Italy s Criminal Justice System1832 Words   |  8 Pagesagencies domestic and international promoting to combat corruption with their anti-corruption laws. Corruption in these institutions causes them to lose focus of what they should really be doing is protecting the community, instead they take bribes from mafia organizations. The global impact of transnational crime in Italy has risen to extraordinary levels. Crime in Italy is becoming more problematic throughout the years. Since last year, the corruption perceptions index ranked Italy to be 69th comparedRead MoreAnalysis Of Goodfellas1152 Words   |  5 Pagesnotably used in the 1990 Gangster film Goodfellas by Martin Scorsese, who uses these to set the atmosphere of each scene, and reinforce the running narrative of the film. Goodfellas retells the story of American born gangster Henry Hill, and the rise and fall of him and his way of life from the ‘50’s through the ‘80’s. I picked Goodfellas as the focal point of this essay because of it’s use of music and sound to set it’s story’s atmosphere both visually, and through auditory means. Firstly, GoodfellasRead MoreEssay about Organized Crime Around the World1874 Words   |  8 PagesWhen people think of organized crime they think of the Italian mob and the Russian mafia. They are the ones that they see in movies and on television, and the ones that they hear about the most. However, they were created a couple centuries after their Asian counterparts, the Yakuza in Japan, and the Triads in China. These Asian syndicates were founded in the sixteenth and seventeenth century and consisted of merchants and other people in what was basically the middle class. They were just groupsRead MoreWorld War II : The Best And The Worst That The World4057 Words   |  17 Pagesthem, even if it means collaborating with a different enemy, The Mafia. The Mafia, born out of Sicily is a criminal organization that has lived to become something of legend and myth. As opposed to organized criminal organizations of today the Mafia has worked in the shadows only resorting to outright and blatant displays of violence when necessary or during times of unrest within opposing crime families. As a result of the Mafia s ability to blend into the shadows they were able to slowly integrateRead MoreThe Story Of A Story1351 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Whos that?† I ask Alice. â€Å"Don Bellini, probably the reason youre here.† I raise one eyebrow. She wears a bewildered expression. â€Å"When we get home, were watching some Mafia movies. Anyway, hes the big boss, whatever he says, goes.† ï » ¿Clyde returns to his position behind the bar. â€Å"What can I get you, two lovely ladies?† â€Å"Coke please,† we respond simultaneously. â€Å"Thats a gorgeous dress, Eva. Is it new?† â€Å"Yes, I bought it today.† My hand flutters up to the neckline of my dress to caress the fabricRead MoreThe Portrayal of the Gangster Genre in American and British Cinema in Goodfellas by Martin Scorcese and Layer Cake by Matthew Vaughn2145 Words   |  9 Pagesand revenge. The first film looked at is Goodfellas (1990) directed by Martin Scorcese, a stylistic, hard-hitting true mobster story about three ‘wise guys’. The film is based upon the non-fictional book ‘Wise guy: life in a mafia family’ by Nicholas Pileggi, following the life of a gangster, Henry Hill, who turned to the FBI and entered the federal witness protection programme to avoid his enemies. This fast-moving film follows the life of a young boy growing up

People Management for Theory of Motivation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePeople Management for Theory of Motivation. Answer: Introduction Managing people effectively is an important task of a good manager. The success of the organisation depends on the ground level employees who contribute to the physical output of the organisation. This output may be in the form of goods or services. Thus it is very important to manage the people successfully in order to see the workers working to the optimum levels of the production. It is always correct that satisfied employees are more hardworking these people are very loyal to the organisation(Barrett, 2010). It is always a matter of concern for all the managers to find ways and means to make their employees happy and encourage them to perform in the best possible way. Thus it is important to make a study on the needs of behaviours features for the effective management of people. The assignment presents the different managerial approaches of the leaders of the organisation and how they affect the people management(Bass, 2016). The accounting graduates of Big Four Bank find different managerial approaches and they are annoyed with a similar way of performing their jobs. They find the managers are not encouraging and they do not enjoy to perform their jobs in the similar approach. They require an environment that will encourage them to learn and make them feel happy to perform their task. The situation in Big Four Bank reflects that there is a need of developing the approaches of people management in the organisation. The assignment focuses on the importance of people management and the ro le of effective manager for the successful work environment in the organisation. Ethical issues related to the case study organisation The success of the organisation depends on the appropriate culture of it. The code of conduct is designed for the functioning of the organisation. The employees and the management of the organisation work as per the code of conduct set by the organisation. The violation of the set of principles is treated as unethical(Kannair, 2007). The graduates of the organisation feel that there are some unethical activities conducted in the organisation. There are some discrepancies and the managers violate the moral and engage themselves bullying and harassing the employees. This is treated as the most unethical activities of the managers. The graduates find that are given different types of treatment in the organisation. There is discrimination in the workplace. Some employees are given the opportunity to meet Matthew directly for the sake of recognition. But this facility is not given to the other employees of the organisation. This is the violation of the code of conduct. The other unethical practice is found in the organisation is that the employees are employed for more time unnecessarily to perform the task. They spend more time for the completion of the report. The graduates are also not given the opportunity to work in the other areas of budgeting department. They are only employed in the preparation of the budget report. The other unethical practice is that the other graduates are not given the task to prepare the report. This is not accepted by the employees of the organisation. The other important unethical practice found in the organisation is that Raj bullies the graduates. This is a kind of harassment to the employees. This is treated as the most unethical practice. The activities of Raj puts the employees under pressure. Thus the unfair situations in the organisation are treated as unethical and the concern of the management of the organisation should be to resolve the issues. Jen also writes the report on her own and does not take the inputs of the graduates. She does not trust the employees. She assumes that the graduates are not interested to complete the task. There is a need of employing strategies to manage the people well. Thus this has been a major concern for the HR department of the company. The HR department has to manage people applying the theories and principles. This will also he lp the organisation to formulate strategies for the people management. Studying the theories of people management There are different theories of people management. Here three important theories are discussed. Maslows theory of Hierarchy of Needs The theory highlights on the expectations of the employees from the organisation. The employees expect the payment for their work, need a good working environment and more over the psychological and physical wellbeing. Maslow has made five categories of need. They are discussed below. Physiological: They are for food, drink good environment to live and work. Security: The employees need the security of their self and their family. They also require security of their property. Esteem: The employees perform well when they have their self-esteem. They feel happy for their achievement. They feel happy when they are approved and given respect for their work(simplilearn.com, 2016). Self-actualisation: The employees always feel better when they develop their skills. This brings confidence in them and they perform well for the organisation. The people manager sees how the security of the employees is met. The responsibility of the manager is to see how the people are not there in the unmanageable level and they are not feeling stressed(Bhasin, 2016). The manager needs to make sure that they are not even bullied by anybody in the organisation. The manager also needs to see that each level of needs is met before the next level of needs. The working environment should be right and it should meet the security of the employees. The social needs of the employees should also be met. The manager should see that the employees are motivated. They feel motivated to develop their skills and this will help the organisation to achieve its goals, The manager also needs to see that the needs of the employees are not related to the behavioural issues. There should not be any conflicts among the employees. The role of the manager is to communicate with the employees well and find out the needs of the workplace. The employees are also needed to invest training development. This will bring higher achievement and they will be satisfied with their jobs. This will help the manager top conduct his job easily. Open Systems Theory This system of theory discusses the impacts of internal and external factors on the performance of the organisation. This is related to the actual delivery of the organisation and what the organisation achieves. The external environment refers to the inputs like the legislation, effects of suppliers etc. Indirect factors refer to the involvement of employees in bringing the output for the organisation(Bhasin, 2016). The output of the organisation gives feedback about the ability to manage the inputs in the organisation. The feedback gives a good response. The theory focuses on analysing the feedback. The people manager sees how the employees are engaged and how much they have contributed to the development of the organisational goals. This gives the opportunity to the manager to lead the people well and decides what should be planned for the employees to perform well. McGregor theory This theory of people management focuses on the approaches made by the manager to manage people in the organisation. The theory is divided into two parts. They are the Theory X and Theory X. The theory X highlights on the need of managing the people who do not contribute to the organisation well and they are very lazy people. The theory X highlights on the importance of punishment and reward to manage the people in the organisation. Theory Y focuses on the management of people through motivation. The manager manages people motivating them and by satisfying their needs. The manager appreciates the work of the employees and encourages to work well. The manager manages the people to work in the correct direction(Drucker, 2014). The manager appears like a democratic leader and offers equal opportunities to all the employees of the organisation. Principles of people management There are principles of people management. The manager uses these principles in order to manage the people in the organisation successfully. Management of people as per the demand of the situation It is important for the manager to know how the employees are motivated and what brings interest in the employees(Earl, 2010). The situation demands the use of different management style. The manager requires using the approach as per the requirements. Knowledge about the right time of implementation The manager requires knowing how the employees will feel confident and how they will trust on the leader. The manager should give them freedom and allows the employees to work as per their expertise. Appropriate communication Communication is the very important principle of managing the people. The appropriate communication will empower the workers and they will be confident about their tasks. This will help the manager to manage the people well. Recognition of the achievement of employees The manager can easily manage the people of the organisation when he or she recognizes the achievement of the employees(Mashford, 2014). The employees will be motivated and they will perform well. Honest feedback The manager should give the honest feedback to the employees. The honest feedback encourages the people to work and they correct themselves when they find that their leader is giving correct feedback. It helps the manager to manage people well (Mashford, 2014). Strategies of people management and role of the manager of Big Four Bank Understanding the employees value The role of the workers in the organisation is needed to be appreciated by the managers of the organisation. They cannot be underestimated and the managers should appreciate the value the workers add to the organisation. The managers cannot handle the people well individually if they underestimate people(Mashford, 2014). The managers should consider the employees as the valuable assets of the organisation. They are required to be nurtured protected. The aim of the organisation and its managers should not be only to exploit them. In the case study organisation, this is found that graduates are only exploited in preparing the budgets and they are not given any freedom to think and innovate differently. The work appears mechanical to them and they do not get any friendly working environment that will encourage them to perform their task. The managers are not able to understand the value of the employees. Thus it is important for the managers of the organisation to respect the value the graduates add to the company and they are required to be understood so that they can work effectively. Expressing a sense of gratitude The appreciation made by the managers for the accomplishment of a good job affects positively. The positive feedback to the workers by the manager has a positive impact. A simple word, Thank You encourages the workers to perform better. This simple courtesy has a positive impact on the workers(Mintzberg, 2009). The loyalty of the employees are developed in this process and they express their willingness to contribute more time for the organisation. The graduates are not appreciated by the managers of the organisation and they feel annoyed. The role of the managers is to respect and appreciate their work. This will encourage them to work effectively. Clear communication The expectation of the organisation should be communicated to the employees clearly. This should be very particular, where it is an individual task or any group activities. The clear communication helps the employees to work effectively. The people will be able to know what they are going to do for the organisation. The communication becomes effective when the manager talks to the employees or the team members(Lynch, 2015). The message of the communication becomes clear and the workers feel comfortable with the clear message. Chris, Raj and Jen are different with their managerial approaches. They are hardworking and efficient but as to communication is concerned they cannot communicate with the employees successfully. Effective listening Giving time to the employees and listening to them is the major job of the manager. The manager should listen to the employee. Sometimes the workers speak about the work-related activities and sometimes they speak out of that. The employees also raise their concern on some issues which are not organisation concern, but their individual concern. But a good manager listens to them and tries to resolve the issues. Thus it is important for the manager of Big Four Bank to listen to the graduates and solve their issues. Decision-making Taking appropriate decision at the workplace is very important for the manager. The manager needs to be decisive. The team members will follow the leaders when they are given proper direction to work. The employees accept the decision of the manager when the communication is made clear(Hughes Wearing, 2007). The employees of Big Four Bank feel the task is boring and the training the graduates receive are not valuable to them. They are annoyed with the role of the managers and the decisions taken by the managers. Trust on the employees The delegation of the task is the most important activity of the good manager. The good manager delegates the task as per the ability of the employees. The manager distributes the task and trust on the workers. The employees feel encouraged when they feel that the leader is at their back. This will add another value to their work. They will have professional pride and they will always try to prove their leader right to trust them. The graduate trainees always want the managers to trust them and assign different tasks instead of putting one activity for them. Raj always uses his autocratic leadership style and makes the employees work very seriously. This creates a sense of fear among the employees. He does not have much trust on the employees and always tries to ask them for more corrections as he wants to ensure that no correction will be made at the end of Matthew. Freedom to employees It is very important for the manager to give freedom to the employees of the organisation. The employees are required to be given workspace so that they can contribute to the development of the workplace. They can also bring the solution to the challenges they are facing in the workplace(analytitech.com, 2016). It is also very important that the workers should not be treated like a machine. They should be given freedom to make their decisions with the connection to their workload. Big Four Bank is a very leading company. The graduate employees are given ample exposure to prepare budgets. But the amount of work they do is very much and these employees are not given opportunities to make their own decisions. The graduates are annoyed with the working style and they want to raise their voices against the management. Resolution of the conflicts Conflicts in the workplace are generally found. There are conflicts among the employees related to the job. The role of the manager is to resolve the conflicts. This will help the team members to work together and the performance is enhanced. Thus resolving the conflicts quickly will bring the organisation effective results. The case study also hints on the differences among the employees. Some graduates are allowed to access Matthew directly and some others are not allowed. This creates conflicts among the workers. This kind of conflict should be avoided by the manager in the organisation. Help to the employees The task given to the employees should be done as per the need. The manager requires seeing the work is accomplished well. The manager is also required to give the workers appropriate time to complete their jobs(Zhu, 2008). This will create a positive light. The needs of the workers should be taken care. The graduate employees of Big Four Bank also requires getting help from the three managers. These three managers need to give the employees adequate time so that they can complete their work on time. This will encourage the employees to work well. Setting a good example The manager of the organisation requires setting a good example for the employees in order to achieve the goals of the organisation. The employees always believe that the manager can set right examples. The good leaders are ethical honest. They give much attention to the collaborative and creative work. The good leader empowers the employees and remains very innovative. The employees get inspired by the leader when they find that their leader is dedicated and trustworthy. Thus the employees will feel happy to contribute to the organisation without having no fear of any punishment. The manager of Big Four Bank also should set the examples and they should create an environment where the employees will not have any fear. They can trust their leaders and work successfully. Manager as a high achiever The employees of the organisation give respect to the decision of the manager when they find the manager is a good achiever(Barr Dowding, 2016). They will have trust on the manager. Thus it is very important for the manager to exhibit his or her talents so that employees will work to complete their tasks successfully. Conclusion The success of every organisation depends on the way the leaders and the followers contribute to the growth of it. The managers of the organisation play a vital role in managing people in the organisation. The employees cannot perform well if the manager does not know how to lead the people to perform. The unethical practices in Big Four Bank will be solved by the managers of the organisation by following effective strategies. The people management depends on how the manager motivates the people. The employees should be communicated that there will be no discrimination and they will not bother about their future in the company. The HR department of the company should focus on the implementation of the ethical code of conduct in the organisation so that no issue will be brought to the notice of the management. Bibliography abraham-maslow, 2016. simplilearn.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com/abraham-maslow-theory-of-motivation-article [Accessed 27 09 2017]. analytitech.com, 2016. Theory of Motivation. [Online] Available at: https://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Barrett, R., 2010. Reinventing Organizations. [Online] Available at: www.socialskills4you.com/wp-content/Reinventingorganization.pdf [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Barr, J. Dowding, L., 2016. Leadership in Health Care, 3rd Edition. London: SAGE Publication. Bass, B., 2016. Difference Between Strategy Operational Decisions. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-strategy-operational-decisions-31075.html [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Bhasin, H., 2016. levels of strategy. [Online] Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/levels-of-strategy/ [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Boguslaw, j., 2016. Strategic Planning and Organizational Development. [Online] Available at: https://iasp.brandeis.edu/capacity/planning.html [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Boguslaw, j., 2017. Strategic Planning and Organizational Development. [Online] Available at: https://iasp.brandeis.edu/capacity/planning.html [Accessed 27 09 2017]. connection.ebscohost.com, 2017. 11/30 - "Reinventing Organisations" and the Teal impulse. [Online] Available at: connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/.../11-30-reinventing-organisations-teal-impulse [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Drucker, P., 2014. Leadership vs. Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Leadership_vs_Management [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Earl, M., 2010. Knowledge Management Strategyies. Journal of managemrnt Information Systems, Volume 181, pp. 215-223. Fassin, Y., Van, R. A. Buelens, M., 2011. Small business owner-managers perceptions of business ethics and CSR-related concepts. J Bus Ethics, 98(3), pp. 425-453. Fred, L. Jonathan, P., 2009. International management: culture, strategy, and behaviour. New York: McGraw. Frynas, J. G. Stephenes, S., 2014. Political corporate social responsibility reviewing theories and setting new agendas. Int J Manag Rev. Greyvenstein, H. Cilliers, F., 2012. Followership's experiences of organisational leadership: A systems psychodynamic perspective.. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 38(2), pp. 1-10. Hughes, M. Wearing, M., 2007. Organsiations and Management in Socila Work. Los Angels: sage. Kannair, J., 2007. The Ethical Mind. Harvard Business Review, 85(3), pp. 51-56. Lynch, R. L., 2015. Strategic management. Harlow: Pearson Education. Mashford, R., 2014. 7 golden pronciples of good management practices. [Online] Available at: https:/www.realbusiness.co.ul/hr-nd-mansagement/2014.04.27/7 [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Mintzberg, H., 2009. Managing. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Sanborn, M., 2016. 9 Difference Between Managers and Leaders. [Online] Available at: https://www.marksanborn.com/blog/9-differences-between-managers-and-leaders/# [Accessed 27 09 2017]. simplilearn.com, 2016. abraham-maslow. [Online] Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com/abraham-maslow-theory-of-motivation-article [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Stanleigh, M., 2017. Role of Strategic Thinking in Business Planning | Business .... [Online] Available at: https://bia.ca/the-role-of-strategic-thinking-in-business-planning/ [Accessed 27 09 2017]. Tonts, M., 2013. The Shifting Geography of Corporate Headquarters in Australia: A. 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Online Environment free essay sample

Normally, customers would have to call an associate from D D and find out when the next trade show, showcase, or large event D D will be featured in attendance so customers can make their way to the venue just to see the merchandise. One main focus that would have to be kept is the same local, hometown business feel. Although D D would be looking to expand out of the greater Indianapolis area, the focus that needs to be kept is the community. An online market would be extremely beneficial to the community and the business because the times are changing and more and more customers each day are transitioning to the online marketplace by shopping in the comfort of their own home. D D is a community based business who believes in taking care of all our customer’s needs whether it is live an in person, or 2:00 AM on a Sunday night. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We can only offer this kind of service with an online presence. D D wants to be the company a customer can count on anytime. Being part of an online environment will be a large part in making that a reality. As a business, we must ask ourselves is this a venture that will be successful for us? Given the type of market that our company is tapping into, we have the ability to be very successful. The quality of products that we offer along with our competitive prices will give us the competitive advantage over other similar small companies as even over some larger companies as well. Establishing D D in an online environment against competition in the same type of business will force us to be aware of all that is going on with our competition. This way, we will able to compete with the larger companies like a JCPenny or Sears and the smaller businesses like D D that have been in the online environment for a long time. We will strive to keep the quality of our products high and be able to keep our prices low. The success of our business will lie on our quality, and providing the best quality products will help us in generating income and building a larger customer base. Current Online Competitor Assessment Being that D D is a very small local business; large competitors (Nordstrom. com, Macys. com, Sears. com, etc. ) offer more of a broad selection of merchandise while D D specializes in one specific area of sales at extremely competitive prices and unique craftsmanship quality. Most of these larger companies will hold sales that provide their merchandise at discounted prices in-store and online but customers will not always catch the â€Å"Great Deal† or clearance sale. D D wants to provide quality products that customers feel are always on sale. One competitive advantage that D D will have over these companies is the originality of products. A large portion of the merchandise sold is hand-made, developed from original designs and ideas. Larger companies will most likely buy their products in bulk from over-seas distributors that will mimic merchandise of their competitors while D D will offer quality products made right here in the United States. D D will be able to back all the hand-made merchandise with a ‘Made in The USA’ tag which is something that most of the larger competitors will not be able to do. There are some name brand designers that are sold through D D; however, prices for that particular merchandise will still be competitive. We understand that there are customers with a demand for name brand designers no matter what the item may be and we want to be the provider for that segment of customers as well. Larger companies in the retail industry will often sell merchandise seasonally in regards to the specific time of year or holiday. A huge advantage that D D will have will be the ability to purchase seasonal merchandise year round. For example, if a customer wanted to purchase a Christmas themed hat in July or another customer wanted to purchase a Valentine’s Day gift basket in October, these options would be available to them. A larger company will most likely not offer that option on their site and especially not in their store. D D’s goal is to be able to take care of each and every customer’s needs (and wants) to create customers for life. We know that we are not the only company in this market and we need to be aware of the disadvantages we face while competing against larger companies. One large disadvantage that we will face is the distribution of our products. D D does not have a warehouse where stock is kept in comparison to a Sears or Macy’s. Therefore, in order for us to be successful, we must be able to maintain our stock and make sure that we keep enough on hand at all times. Another disadvantage that we face is the production of our hand-made items. Although our items do not take extremely long to make, we can run into the problem of not having a specific item when it is needed. This could be a major issue in the success of that particular product, but one advantage that we do have is that everyone on the sales team is able to help us create products if we happen to be short on certain items. This gives us a slight advantage over competitors large and small because there is no need for a middle man in our product line. All handmade products are able to be created and ready for sale immediately. We will still be in a similar situation with our competitors when it comes to all of the name brand clothing as far as shipping, ordering, receiving, etc. but being able to have our custom products manufactured and ready to sell within a fraction of time it would take for shipping procedures will keep us ahead and generating income. Online Marketing Suggestions Strategies The strategy for D D will be one with attainable goals. The first objective of our strategy is to know where we are going and what we want to achieve. Our first goal will be to set the amount of cu stomers that we want to reach through our online presence. As long as we have an idea of how many customers we wish to gain through this method, we will stay focused and stay on the correct path to achieve our goal. The next step in our strategy is to dissect the final goal numbers and turn the results into action plans that we can use to repeat success. For instance, if D D sets the target number in a time period for customers gained through our online presence, because the goal was dissected prior and broken down; D D knows exactly what must be done to achieve that goal. The last step that D D will implement in the strategy is to make sure all success is reviewed and evaluated thoroughly. All information that we received must be evaluated so we are making sure we are getting the results that we expected and wanted. One of the major tasks that we plan to accomplish with D D’s online marketing efforts is to attain customers of a younger age group. Typically the D D customer base age ranges from 30 – 60 for women and 29 – 50 for men. With the addition of new products and the expansion to an online environment, the goal could be easily reached. Another marketing strategy that D D will use is advertising the current events and trade shows we will be featured in. By advertising and marketing D D online as well as the different venues, customers will be informed of different things to do around the city in addition to taking some time to shop. Marketing ourselves this way will not only help our business, but it will also help our community which is helping us keep our main two focuses; Service our community and sell quality products to our customers. Search Engine Considerations Optimization Strategies Taking into consideration that there has been a lot of cross-border selling, there is a growth that is happening with search marketers. This growth causes websites to be optimized for visitors from different regions and cultural backgrounds. There are constant attempts to develop techniques that attract visitors through search engines and search ads. One technique that D D will be able to do is use country specific domain names, and possibly change spelling variations (i. e. color v. colour). D D will also use keywords in other languages, which will target search engines such as Google AdWords and give us more search result hits. Expanding our name in search engines will be an excellent way to open the door to us being found by more people who are searching for similar items. Encouraging our customers to post regular reviews of our business on a variety of local search sites will not only let potential customers know we do a good job, but it will increase the number of search hits we receive. The more reviews we receive, the reviews will appear high within search results. The approach also will make it more likely for the next potential customer searching for a store like D D to possibly contact our business based on the information they are receiving in the search results. A strategy such as this will improve the amount of search hits simply by choosing the words we want to be associated with our business and as long as we are doing a great job for our customers, a large portion of those words will be positive. Social Media Integration D D is a small business that could benefit very well from using social media. The majority of D D’s name being spread around the community is by word of mouth; however being well known in a small community can only take you so far. Integrating a social media site like Facebook would be a wonderful opportunity to promote the business and inform potential customers about the site as well as allowing current customers to refer a friend to the page and even comment. Integrating Facebook with the site will allow customers in a matter of seconds to â€Å"like† the D D Facebook page and there will also be a link to click to directly go to the D D web site. The potential comments left on the page could end up helping D D by possibly providing suggestions that D D could use to improve the overall customer experience. Along with Facebook, Twitter can also be utilized in the social media are by â€Å"tweeting† pictures of merchandise as well as updating customers with current information regarding products and shows. For customers who are always on the go, D D will also reach customers by the use of Instagram. By using Instagram, customers who are following D D will be able to see recently received merchandise that will be uploaded onto the mobile page by the D D staff. With use of these sites, D D will able to keep the current customer base updated with information about the products as well as allowing potential customers to gain a little bit of knowledge about D D’s products and services by utilizing the online environment that is used in day-to-day life. Using these sites will also provide another medium of communication from customers so we can listen to their suggestions, wants, and needs. By listening to customers, we are able to receive first-hand feedback and a better understanding of how we can improve our service. In addition to using social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, D D will also incorporate a small blogging section on the company website. This will give customers additional medium to converse and blog about their experiences with our company. Online Customer Relationship Management When a customer makes the decision to do business with any company, the customer expects that they will receive a very high standard of customer service. As a company, D D will also hold a very high standard in providing customer service. A key component of customer service in any business is building a relationship with the customer. Communication between the customer and seller will have to be maintained in order to build that relationship. The best way to keep this channel of communication open with the customers would be through the exchange of email for any situation, problem, or question that may arise. Email would allow our customers to ask questions regarding our products, address a problem, or even inquire about making an order. Specific email templates, for whether there is a problem or a general question, will be made for any possible topic a customer may have and this will be integrated in the site. If there is any issue, a customer will be able to be as specific as they need to in asking their question. To be as efficient as we can with offering the email option to our customers, we will offer with all emails a ‘Within 24 hr. Guarantee Response Time. ’ Putting a guarantee on a service such as this will ensure to the customer that they will receive the most efficient and effective service available. We understand that all questions and issues may not be answered through email, so all escalated issues will be followed up with a phone call from a sales associate to help solve any issue that cannot be resolved in a timely manner. Within the website there will also be a FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) page provided to possibly help with several general questions. Our FAQs page will be updated accordingly if we seem to receive a large volume of questions for a topic that is not currently on our FAQs page. Updating this page will be very valuable to our customers’ time and it will show that we are very thorough in our process. E-Commerce Solutions E-Commerce for D D will be an extremely user-friendly process. Our plan is to utilize all E-commerce transactions through the Volusion software program. This program is very efficient and very effective on both sides of the E-commerce transaction from seller to customer. Volusion will provide multiple payment options to potential customers such as credit or debit card, using a checking account, E-check, and even PayPal. By giving our customers multiple ways to pay, we give ourselves more opportunity to make a sale. A â€Å"checkout† and â€Å"my cart† feature will also be integrated within the site so at any time customers can quickly add an item to their cart and check out or add a few items and then edit the cart if they are not satisfied with their selection or have selected too many of one item. A link to the â€Å"my cart† section will be available on every page so a customer will be able to easily navigate there. Volusion also offers customizable tax and shipping options which will be presented for each product depending on size and time frame for customers’ desired delivery time. Customers will also be given automatic email confirmations after all purchases to give reviews of purchases. The automatic email confirmations will also be followed up by a separate email that contains an additional e-receipt and shipping information. Customers also have the option to enroll in the D D newsletter that will be created to update customers with information regarding current and future events as well as updates for newly created merchandise. This option will be available upon checkout so customers will be able to click yes or no. Security will be a major concern with E-commerce in any company you are associating with. The Volusion software offers state-of-the art E-commerce security which is PCI/CISP (Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council /Cardholder Information Security Program) certified. Other security features include the â€Å"CAPTCHA† type image validation for all forms of submissions to prevent unauthorized use, as well as an integrated IP blocking security feature, and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Encryption for encrypting customer information for additional security. International Considerations International business for D D would be an excellent addition to the business. What better way would there be to grow the business than to expand globally? The retail market for fashion and apparel is a market that is not just popular in just one geographic location. Fashion retail is an area where with the right merchandise and approach, a company like D D could go from servicing local customers to multi-national in a matter of months. Social media will play a large role in the international expansion of D D just as it will locally. All considerations must be viewed before the international ventures can take flight. One major concern would be how the currency from other countries would be handled. Our payment system will be an incredible asset to how our transactions are completed. Exchange rates are automatically calculated and shipping calculations are also included. Transactions will not be simple for every country. Certain payment options that D D accepts will not be available in all countries (i. e. Romania does not have PayPal), so all employees must be aware of situations like this if they were to arise. We will also have to make sure that we are complying with all government export regulations within each country. Using the Volusion software will also help with the language barrier of different countries. The Volusion software will make sure the website is friendly and ready for non-domestic and non-English-speaking visitors. All content on our website will be internationalized to cater to different areas of the globe. We believe that if we can customize our offering, service, and payment types to different areas, the business will enjoy huge success. Web Development Maintenance Cost The actual development for D D’s website would be fairly inexpensive compared to the amount of return the website would help generate. Base costs to start the development of the website would begin with the purchase of the domain name (i. e. www. DandDdesigns. com) that would range from $10 $30. Annual fees to keep the website up and running would range from $100 $150 in renewal fees. Most sites with under 2000 pages generally do not go over that threshold amount. There are a number of extra features that can be added to the site that could possibly increase the costs for running the webpage such as enabling Java for allowing motion images and small videos on the site (about $4. 5/month) and Restore Services that offer information recovery of any information deleted accidentally by any of the company’s associates (about $1. 50/month). Web hosting sites such as Lunarpages Hostgator offer all of these great services with no additional maintenance costs. These sites also offer 24/7 server monitoring and customer support so if anything were to go wrong, there is always someone to call on at anytime. This will also remove the expense of hiring a web developer because any and all problems with the site can be fixed by employees at anytime.

Average GRE Scores for Top Private Universities

Average GRE Scores for Top Private Universities Most graduate schools have done away with publishing the average GRE scores for their incoming graduate students online and in promotional literature. They dont want hopeful attendees to get the wrong idea that if their scores arent the same as what other students have achieved, then they should not even bother to apply. However, some graduate schools are willing to post average  ranges  of scores for incoming grad students, although most of those scores are arranged by intended major rather than by the schools statistics as a whole. Keep reading to see the average GRE scores as listed for top private universities for a couple of very popular majors (engineering and education) as published by the U.S. News and World Report.   GRE Scores Information If you are perplexed as you run through these scores because you expected to see numbers in the 700s, then you are probably still using the old GRE score system which ended in 2011. As of August 2011, average GRE scores can run anywhere between 130 - 170 in 1-point increments. The old system more people are familiar with, assessed students on a scale from 200 - 800 in 10-point increments. If you took the GRE using the old system and are curious about what your approximate GRE score would be with the new scale, then check out the two concordance tables listed below. Please note, however, that GRE scores are only valid for five years, so July 2016 was the last time students with GRE scores in the prior format were able to use them for admissions into graduate school.   GRE Verbal Concordance TableGRE Quantitative Concordance Table    Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Engineering:   Quantitative: 167 Stanford University Engineering:   Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 162Verbal: 164 Harvard University Engineering:   Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 161Verbal: 165 California Institute of Technology (CalTech) Engineering:   Quantitative: 168 Duke University Engineering:   Quantitative: 164 University of Chicago Engineering:   Quantitative: NA Northwestern University Engineering:   Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 158Verbal: 163 University of Pennsylvania Engineering:   Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 159Verbal: 161 Johns Hopkins University Engineering:   Quantitative: 164 Education Quantitative: 161Verbal: 163 Rice University Engineering:   Quantitative: 166 New York University Engineering:   Quantitative: NA Education Quantitative: 154Verbal: 159 University of Notre Dame Engineering:   Quantitative: 160 Vanderbilt University Engineering:   Quantitative: 167 Education Quantitative: 159Verbal: 164 Are My GRE Scores Going To Get Me In? There are quite a few factors that go into your acceptance into one of these top private universities, so dont stress out just yet. Although your GRE scores  are  important, they are not the only things considered by admissions counselors, as Im sure youve heard before. Make sure your application essay is top-notch and that you have secured great recommendations from those professors who knew you best in undergrad. And if you havent worked on bumping up your GPA already, then now is the time to ensure youre getting the best grades you possibly can in case your GRE score isnt exactly what you wanted it to be.

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War Why The North Won The Civil War You Are Bound to Fail. Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail (Catton, Glory Road 241) The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the burgeoning superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, boasting

Do Abrahamic Religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) Cause War Research Paper

Do Abrahamic Religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) Cause War - Research Paper Example However, there are differences in the beliefs and systems that Jews, Christians and Muslim accept as legitimate. Jews hold that the Abrahamic covenant was carried down onto Isaac (Abraham's second son) and then to Jacob (Isaac's second son) and then down to Jacob's (also known as Israel's) descendants. After years of the Israelite community growing, they merited to receive the Torah, a set of Laws given directly to the Israelites through Moses. The Jews hold the Torah (first five books of the Bible) to be authoritative and the generational interpretation of the Torah from the Prophets to the Rabbis as absolutes (Idel 7). Christianity on the other hand sprouted out of Judaism because the followers believed that Jesus Christ was the son of God and this was a position that most Jews rejected and never accepted. On the other hand, Christians also did not accept the generational interpretation of the Torah as Jews did but rather focused on the life of Jesus Christ as an ideal standard interpreted by the New Testament. Islam on the other hand came up as a result of revelations received by Mohammed, a descendant of Abraham through the line of his first son, Ishmael (Schmidt-Leukel 149). Although there are clear areas that Islam seems to build on Judaism and Christianity, Islam also maintains its distinct features and elements. Islam, Christianity and Judaism cuts across elements of spirituality, morality and nationalism (Oystein, 72). In terms of spirituality, all these Abrahamic Faiths profess some element of control over the supernatural and promises humanity a pleasant life after death. Additionally, these promises comes with some responsibilities that seek to make people live according to some standards and ideals prescribed by these religions. The Jewish have a set of traditions Halackha that must be adhered to at all times in a person's life. Christians have doctrines and principles of holiness that must be followed. Muslims also have the Sunnah which sums up the traditions and instructions a s revealed to Prophet Mohammed. The institutionalization of these principles and practices amongst a group of people professing each of these three Faiths leads to the nationalism aspect of the Abrahamic Faiths. This requires the establishment of the structures of a modern nation, including a military that would protect the interest of a religious state. Based on this, I identify three main issues of misunderstanding and misuse of the Abrahamic religions that led to wars and various forms of violence throughout history. These three matters include the rise of opportunistic leaders in the original kingdoms of the founders of these

Advertising S.C.O.R.E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising S.C.O.R.E - Essay Example By using black and white, terrible imagery with savage people fighting to get a bite of the apple, 5 Seeds shows how it can transform people in a variety of different ways. The simple goal of the advertisement is to make sure people identify with natural ingredients and the benefits to the body and mind. The ad is creative with its use of black and white and then a transformation into colour to show how simple ingredients like the apple manage to create a better environment and a happier person. It has impact because the whole idea of Adam and Eve was that they were misled by nature in the biblical story and told not to eat the apple, even though they wanted it very badly. By showing ancient people in dark and frightening environments and then transforming the background into a more civil and inviting colour scheme, it shows that the natural ingredients in 5 Seeds have benefits in many different ways. The creativity comes in not only the colour scheme, but by using age-old concepts (Adam and Eve) to give the drink a more modern view regarding health and mental well-being. Creativity is also noticeable with the crows that seem to be protecting the apple as a means to preserve their own food sources. It shows that these ingredients are even important to animals, however people are the winners in the struggle and are clearly made better for it. When the Eve character puts her very life out on the limb just to get a single bite, it tells the consumer that they should actively seek 5 Seeds because it is made from the most quality ingredients on Earth. The originality of the advertisement comes in how it transforms evil surroundings into more beautiful surroundings, giving consumers a kind of story that peaks their interest. 5 Seeds has many competitors and it would be difficult to differentiate the product from other similar products on the drink market. Therefore, in order to make the advertisement stand out competitively, they use imagery

Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Transcendentalism was a literary movement that began in the beginning of the 1800s and lasted up until the Civil War. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a man whose views on life and the universe were intriguing and influential. Emerson, along with other great men, helped to mold what Transcendentalism was and what it was to become. Without these men, Transcendentalism would not have been anything. Nor would these men have been anything without this concept. So what is Transcendentalism anyway and how have mens thoughts and outlooks been able make it what it is remembered as? Transcendentalism was prominent in the cultural life of the U. S. , especially in New England from 1836 to until just before the Civil War. The Revolutionary war had ended shortly before the time of Transcendentalism; therefore, Emerson had been influenced by its affects and had shared his thoughts about war in his writings. At the age of twelve, Emerson wrote Fair Peace and Triumph blooms on golden wings, and War no more pf all his victories sings (Way to Peace 2). He viewed war as being unnecessary and in his eyes, the soul has no enemies and rises above all conflicts. He thought soldiers to be ridiculous and war to Abhorrent to all reason (Way to Peace 2), and against human progress. Basically he was against all war and his views on war were apparent in his writings. Even though he thought that the Civil War was good because it was trying to stop the evils of slavery, he detested the lack of freedom during the war, and he vowed that if martial law came to Concord, that he would disobey it or move away. These events developed Transcendentalism though Emersons views and writings on war (Way to Peace 1-2). Transcendentalism in America centered in Concord and Boston. The philosophy came from many different beliefs and peoples thoughts and outlooks. Emerson was a huge person whose beliefs greatly influenced how transcendentalism evolved. Around the year 0f 1836, a discussion group was formed in New England called the Transcendental Club. It met at various members houses and it included Emerson, Bronson Alcott, Frederick Henry Hedge, W. E. Channing and W. H. Channing, Theodore Parker, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Peabody, George Ripley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Thoreau, and Jones Very. From 1840 to 1844, a quarterly newspaper printed their early essays, poems, and reviews (Abrams, 215-216). Emersons transcendentalism is an idealist philosophy that was derived from Kants concept of the Tran scendental. According to his understanding of Kant, transcendentalism becomes a union of solipsism under which the only verifiable reality is thought to be self. It also comes from materialism in which the only verifiable reality is thought to be quantifiable outside world of objects, and sense data. Through this fusion, transcendentalism was transported to America as a philosophy. Through his source of most of its poetry and mysticism, Emerson fostered the growth of transcendentalism of the New England variant. His ideas, which came from Kant, were taken from the German philosopher Immanuel Kant whose ideas of the universe and soul were very intriguing. He believed in transcendental knowledge but confined it to things such as time, space, quantity and casualty, which in his views were imposed by the perception of human minds. He regarded these aspects as the universal sense experience. Emerson, however, extended this concept of transcendental knowledge to include moral and other truths that go beyond the limits of the human sense experience, which Kant had specifically denied. Besides Kant, other intellectual predecessors of American Transcendentalism are very diverse and few, but include post-Kantian German Idealists, the English thinkers Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle (who were also exponents of German Idealism), Plato, Neoplatonists, the occult Swedish theologian Emmanuel Swedenborg, and some varieties of Oriental philosophies (Abrams 216). Basically, Transcendentalism was about promoting peace and developing the mind and soul. Also, it was about sharing your views on what was wrong with the world and how it could be fixed. William Ellery Channing was a forerunner of the Transcendentalists and preached against war and was active in the peace movement that began in 1815 when Noah Worcester founded the Massachusetts Peace Society, the first influential peace society in the world. Channing wrote about the miseries and crimes of war, their causes and some possible remedies. In addition to the suffering and destruction he points out that war corrupts the morals of society and gives the government dangerous powers. Channing preached in Boston from 1803 until his death and was praised by Emerson above all other ministers. The sources of war which Channing wrote of are the human propensity for excitement, the lust for power, admiration for warlike deeds, false patriotism, and the upbringing and education which glamorizes military exploits. He also sees the remedies as well as the causes to be of a moral nature. He believes we must honor our rulers and nations fro their justice, goodwill, and educational institutions not for their foreign conquests. He thought that we must also admire heroes for their conscience, human rights, and the ones who bring peace and freedom. He believed that the peace teachings of Christians ought to be emphasized. He warned that the attitude of rulers and nations of foreign states, which is usually partial and unjust, should show us that war is rarely just or unnecessary. He advised Christians to refuse war and if necessary, submit to prison or execution in an attempt for peace (Way to Peace 1-2). James Freeman Clarke once dubbed the transcendentalists the club of the likeminded; I suppose because no two of us think alike (American Literary Movements 1). But despite the disagreement among transcendentalists themselves, the overall movement shared similar philosophies. These philosophies rested on the Slockean concept of Idealism and Kants belief in intuition. In other words, transcendentalism opposed empiricism, which is gaining knowledge from experience. Physical world observations were only appearances of reflections of the spirit. One should learn of the spiritual world through reason alone, thus guiding them towards the ultimate goal, Absolute Truth (American Transcendentalism1 1). All of the Transcendentalists had more in common with what they reacted against rather than what they proposed. They were opposed to rigid rationalism; to the eighteenth-century empirical philosophy of the school of John Locke which derived all of its knowledge by sense impressions; by highly formalized religions, and especially the Calvinist orthodoxy of New England; and to the social conformity, materialism, and commercialism that they found increasingly prominent in American life. The counter-views that were affirmed by Transcendentalists, especially Emerson include confidence in the validity of knowledge which is tied in with feeling and intuition, and an ethics of individualism that stressed self trust, self-reliance, and self sufficiency (Abrams 216). Transcendentalism cannot be properly understood outside the context of Unitarianism, the dominant religion in Boston during the early nineteenth century. Unitarianism had developed during the late eighteenth century as a branch of the liberal wing of Christianity during the First Great Awakening of the 1740s. That awakening revolved around the questions of divine election and original sin, and it saw a brief period of revivalism. The Liberals tended to reject both the Orthodox belief in natural evil and the emotionalism of the revivalists. In a sort of incorporation of Enlightenment principles with American Christianity, they began to stress the value of intellectual reason as the path to divine wisdom. This is how transcendentalism began to emerge; the Liberalists began to make their own unique theological contribution in rejecting the doctrine of the divine trinity. Transcendentalism is a belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience, or belief in a higher kind of knowledge than achieved by human reason. Transcendentalism revolves around the existence of absolute goodness, something beyond description and knowable, ultimately only through intuition. In its most specific usage; Transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the United States. Emerson separated the universe into two categories, nature and soul. He sought to explain the interrelation of them. He called analogies mans key to these relations (American Transcendentalism2 1-2). The term Transcendentalism became applied almost exclusively to doctrines of metaphysical idealism. Transcendentalism opposed the strict ritualism and rigid theology of established religious institutions. Transcendentalist writers expressed semi-religious feelings toward nature, as well as the creative process believing that divinity permeated all objects. Intuition rather than reason, were regarded as the highest human faculty. It was believed in order to comprehend the divine, God, and the universe one must transcend or go beyond the physical and emotional description of normal human thought. That you must go to the level of the soul and once there it is believed that all people have access to divine inspiration and sought and loved freedom and knowledge and truth (American Transcendentalism2 3-5) The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration and in ecstasy. He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic, personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other rules and measures on the spirit than its own (American Transcendentalism2 6-7). ? Transcendentalism was a literary movement on the mid 1800s in which Ralph Waldo Emerson took a great part. He contributed many fabulous ideas into the philosophy and influenced many people to put some remarkable ideas and writings in to Transcendentalism. He was the source of most of its poetry and mysticism, and fostered growth of the New England variant. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the son of a Unitarian Minister, was born on May 25, in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1821, he graduated from Harvard College. He got married in 1829, but his wife died less than a year and a half later. At this time in his life, Emerson doubted his beliefs and profession as a minister. He decided to resign, stating that it was because of the Eucharist (Biography of Emerson 1-2). In 1832, he went to Europe where he met some noteworthy people such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Carle. He began giving public lectures, and in 1836, he published Nature. He had become the sage of Concord and his literary colleagues became known as the Transcendental Club. Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in order to comprehend the divine, God, and the universe, one must transcend or go beyond the physical and emotional descriptions of normal human thought (American Literary Movements 1). With these strong thoughts, Emerson became the leader of many philosophers and writers termed transcendentalists. He ignited a literary movement influencing Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau (American Literary Movements 2). Emerson had many great writings, which influenced many and shared his thoughts with the world. His great thinking influenced many and made people realize that peace is important to a high society. Some of his thoughts include: A peaceful nation is protected by its spiritual power, because everyone is its friend. In individual cases it is extremely rare that a person of peace ever attracts violence. Courage must be transferred from war to the cause of peace; cowards can attain nothing great. The search for the sublime laws of morals and the sources of hope and trust, in man, and not in books, in the present, and not the past, and hopes that these will bring war to an end. (The Way to Peace 3-4) Emerson was also a great writer. His first publication Nature showed his idea of Transcendentalism. He applied this type of thinking to most of his works. In 1841, his first volume of essays, including the majority of his most popular work such as Self-Reliance, Prudence, Heroism, and Art. In 1847 to 1848, he went back to England and lectured. He made a collaborative volume called Representative Men (1850). This collection is one of his best works and contains fantastic essays on famous philosophers and writers such as Plato. He once described war as An epidemic of insanity, breaking out here and there like cholera or influenza, infecting mens brains instead of their bowels (Way to Peace 2). Besides being a great speaker revolutionist and writer, Emerson was also a very recognizable poet. His last collection of poetry was called May Day and Other Pieces, written in 1867. After this, he stopped writing for duration of time. His mental capabilities went downhill, and a few years later wrote Society and Solitude (1870) and Parnassus (1874), both poetic works. Sadly, Ralph Waldo Emerson died in 1882, remembered as a great philosopher, writer, and a leader of mankind (Biography of Emerson 1-2). Transcendentalism was a great literary movement. In fact it was more than just a literary movement, it was a liberator of mankind. Without the influences of Transcendentalism, many of the great writers in American History would not have been as great, and there would be less hope for the future. The important issues that the Transcendentalists addressed were important for the people of that time to pay attention to, and end the corruption of war. Unfortunately, the transcendental movement, with its optimism about the indwelling divinity, self-sufficiency, and high potentialities of human nature, did not survive the crisis of the Civil War and its aftermath. The end of a great literary movement had arrived, but was the beginning of more to come (Abrams 217)? ? Emersons Concord home and a picture of him. Works Cited Page Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brau Jovanovich College Publishers, 1985. American Literary Movements: Transcendentalism. Oct. 1999 (10/5/99). American Transcendentalism. (1). Oct. 1999 (10/6/99). American Transcendentalism. (2). May 2000 ~rlenat/amertran. html (5/29/00). Biography of Emerson. http:/members. xoom. com/_XMCM/RWEmerson/ whoisheohtm. The Way to Peace. Oct. 1999 (10/5/99).

The School Voucher Debate :: essays papers

The School Voucher Debate THE SCHOOL VOUCHER DEBATE In reading these articles, I did not understand the religious school involvement and school vouchers. There was one statement in the first article Court Discusses Vouchers, that stated that in Cleveland use school vouchers and that they can be used at fifty-one other schools, but there are nine schools that they cannot use the vouchers at, and they are all Catholic schools. To me this seems to be a religious prejudice going on in that area against the Catholic religion. I understand the purpose for vouchers and what would be involved. The money that is used to give out school vouchers comes from the public system of resources. I can see why people would be against vouchers. They worry that it will drain the resources for other public things. At the same time though, in the second article America’s boldest governor, it had stated that if the vouchers were properly designed, they would only drain the public resources at the same rate as a resource-consuming pupils. Therefore, students that are not doing well, drain more funds from the public system than other students that are doing good in school, and if vouchers are able to give those students who have been doing badly is school improve with time, the money used from the public system will balance out. Obviously, the students and parents of the lower class would benefit from vouchers. The school and public system do not benefit from vouchers. Schools for the reason that some schools will have to improve their school overall, or they will lose students to better equipped schools, since students of any background will be able to attend any school they like. I do feel that vouchers would lead to better curriculum among several schools, which would provide for educational excellence. The schools would be thriving to keep the number of students attending the school up. They would have to adjust to better themselves if vouchers were made available. Equity within schools would be achieved if vouchers were made available to students of all races, class, and status. Vouchers would allow students of several different cultural backgrounds and social class to attain and school they wish.

Family Memoir: A Jobless Caregiver Essay

The sober statement that â€Å"we need to have a family meeting† foreshadowed bad news for several reasons.   First, we were not the type of family that had formal sit-down meetings.   We were casual, informal, and the very thought that news needed to be communicated around a table suggested that something bad or terrible had occurred.   Second, the tone with which the news was delivered was unusually stern and unsettling. Smiles were the rule in our house, laughter was contagious, and the look on my father’s face as he demanded the meeting was altogether foreign and fraught with trepidation.   If my father was worried then there was cause for worry among all of our family members.   Finally, as we sat down to the meeting, my father carried with him a pen and a small notebook. He opened the notebook as we took our places at the table and he clicked the pen to begin writing.   I glanced at the notebook and saw that he had written the words â€Å"monthly budget.†Ã‚   He set down the pen and said to open the family meeting that à  have lost my job and until I can find a new job we have to make some changes around here.† I was absolutely shocked.   We had never imagined my father without a job, we had always taken our comfortable standard of living for granted and then we were suddenly faced with the prospect of not having our basic needs met.   My mother cried and I waited to find out what would happen. In retrospect, this was probably the defining moment in my family’s existence.   It was a test for all of us, not simply for my father, and we all contributed to preserving the family despite the obstacles caused by an unexpectedly jobless caregiver.   At that meeting, for example, we set out a monthly budget for the family and then monthly budgets for the family members. All of us promised to make sacrifices until my father found a new job and it soon became apparent as we brainstormed how much money we wasted on a monthly basis.   We ate things that contributed little to our sustenance.   We rented excessive numbers of movies when other means for entertainment were readily available. What I learned from this intimate family tragedy, and the thesis of this family memoir, is that modern families spend far too much money and fail to properly plan for emergencies.   Providing for basic necessities, in short, is a far nobler goal than spending money for the sake of spending when little or no value is secured in return for this type of indiscriminate spending. The first thing that my father did, after assuring us that he would immediately begin looking for a new job, was to outline in his notebook the purchases that we could not do without.   He wrote down such things as rent, food, and electricity.   Rather than assuming these as fixed necessities, however, he instead asked how we might cut our expenses with respect to these expense categories. I admired my father for the way that he solicited or opinions as important members of the family unit, rather than dictating new rules and practices, and gradually we all began to come up with new ideas.   Food was an area where out family had effectively overspent for years.   In reality, human beings need nothing more than nutritional meals.   We promised to eliminate junk food from our   diet and to eliminate unnecessary trips to the local fast food restaurants and ice cream parlors. We needed, to be sure, nothing more than the grains, fruits, and vegetables that we all learned about in the elementary school’s food pyramid lesson.   My father calculated some eating practices on the notepad and it soon became apparent that we had been spending more on unnecessary dietary purchases than on necessary purchases.   Together, we calculated that we could save a significant amount of money by eating healthier and more simply.   The same conclusion could be drawn after examining our monthly electricity and leisure expenses. We all promised not to use the electricity for unnecessarily long periods of time and to reduce the purchases of movies and magazines when we could secure the same entertainment functions by playing existing board games or playing basketball outside.   It was a startling realization to discover that we spent a significant amount of money to entertain ourselves when we could have entertained ourselves without having spent a single penny.   It costs nothing, to be sure, to walk to the neighborhood park and shoot a couple of baskets.   It costs nothing to walk to the library and read more books than one might ever find in a commercial bookstore. This new set of experiences and the attendant realizations reminded me of something read as part of a school assignment in which a writer named Henry David Thoreau observed that â€Å"I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are more easily acquired than got rid of. Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in. Who made them serfs of the soil?†Ã‚   (Thoreau 5). My family learned through deprivation what Thoreau learned more than a hundred years ago about life in a competitive world.   What we learned was that human beings create to a large extant their own financial dependence and that this painful cycle can be broken or tempered by living more basically.   That my father would find a new job within the next two months did not cause my family to forget the lessons learned; quite the contrary, these are lessons that are deeply etched   in my family’s collective memory and which are applied in our daily lives.   Life, in sum, is complicated by false needs and the failure to live simply and modestly. Works Cited Thoreau, Henry D. Walden. Ed. J. Lyndon Shanley. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. Questia. Web. 7 June 2010.

Many Of The Characters In Of Mice And Men Have Dreams Essay

John Steinbeck wrote the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† in 1937. The settings were personally related to the author himself. The Novel is set were he originally came from, around Salinas, California. It was written during the great depression which not only effected America, but Europe as well; however the novel only focuses on America. Steinbeck had his reasons for writing about it. He wanted to show the reality of the great depression as it struck everyone in different ways. He used realistic characters that represented the main groups of people living in America and what effects took place according to their status. One of the biggest problems was that twenty-five percent of the whole population was unemployed, leaving a mass of civilians to roam the streets, desperate to survive by any means. Others were forced to become itinerant workers. George and Lennie, the main characters, are two ranch workers. They are prime examples or itinerant workers due to the economic disaster they faced. They had slight difficulties maintaining a job as Lennie has a mental and almost physical disability. His child-like mind didn’t allow him to correspond well with his beastly physicality. This means he is unaware of how brutal and uncivilized his actions may be. It’s what always got him in trouble and George was the one always defending him. All they had was each other. As Itinerant workers they travelled far in search of work as did many others who were desperate to earn enough money to survive or perhaps support their family. They pretty much had no choice if they wanted to live. Work on a ranch did’t always pay well ; however, the workers were provided with the necessities which had already cover a lot of costs such as a roof over their head, cooked meals, bathing facilities, so they were grateful. All those small things are the things that are taken for granted, but to those times they were valued and appreciated. Whatever salaries they received at the end of each month they would send home to their families or spend it all on a cat house (prostitute house) and start all over again. George and Lennie had other plans which differentiated them from the rest. George and Lennie both shared a dream. Besides the fact that their relationship status was quite rare, the dream made it that little bit more special. Most people travelled alone and just had their minds set on surviving. George and Lennie had their hearts set on bigger things. â€Å"We could live off the fatta the lan’,† a quote used constantly by both George and Lennie. They are implying that they want to buy land in which they can live off everything they grow so they won’t have to rely on any one to survive. It’s a big change from working for someone to working for yourself; it’s more satisfying knowing they can do what they want for themselves. â€Å"We’ll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit-hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, we’ll just say the hell with going to work!† Their dream gets deeper with endless wants; to them it’s almost like an obsessive fantasy. However, their dreams are still realistic compared to a modern day dream which tends to be more selfish and greedy. A sense of freedom is what they are after which is highly understandable and admirable. Lennie also has an obsession with â€Å"tending rabbits†. Again his child-likeliness is getting the better of him; then again all children look forward to particular things they enjoy. Their dream is like a private sanctuary in their minds, an escape from reality, the one thing that no one can take from them. It’s their goal, the one thing that keeps them motivated to carry on. â€Å"Come on, George. Tell Me. Please, George. Like you done before.† George tells their dream like a story out of a fairytale to satisfy Lennie’s childish behavior. Lennie also repeats his sentences as a sign of enthusiasm. The dialect used gives quite a clear impression of what they sound like and helps to visualize their words and actions. What is said is written quite different from how we would write and speak today, so it emphasizes on how long ago this took place. The Ranch consists of more than just workers and one dream. George and Lennie weren’t’t alone; there were others with different occupations and completely different dreams. George and Lennie’s dream later developed into a larger dream including one other member. Candy, a former worker, who had lost his hand on the ranch so he wasn’t much use. He was aware that it wouldn’t’t be long until he would have no were to go, he was only getting benefits for his loss on the ranch, and no one wants a useless worker hanging about. When Candy over hears George going into story mode, he was overwhelmed knowing that there was some hope. â€Å"You know where’s a place like that?† and â€Å"How much they want for a place like that?† showed Candy was deeply interested by asking questions. Candy was interested by all of this because his life was slowly passing by and he was still not doing anything about it. So this dream of having a ranch and not working for somebody was a big eye-one for candy and seemed very interested in the dream. He stated obviously that he’s interested by saying, â€Å"S’pose I went in with you guys† and shows us how desperate he is by offering â€Å"three hundred an’ fifty bucks† which was more than half of the overall payment required. Just to sweeten up the deal even more he adds, â€Å"†¦I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some.† And â€Å"I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off,† Candy chose his words carefully letting George know it will benefit everyone rather than it being a selfish gesture. Just to make sure they kept him in he used a very short but never the less a very effective emotional line, â€Å"When they can me here I wisht somebody’s shoot me.† Automatically they feel sympathetic towards him because he lost his hand and his best friend, the dog. It was after that conversation that Candy gained hope after all. However, a serious incident occurred which lead George to kill Lennie for the good and safety of others. He gave up on the dream and decided to become a part of what everyone else already was. â€Å"then – it’s all off?† Candy asked sulkily. Without George, Candy couldn’t’t stand a chance making the dream come true alone and there was no persuading George to reconsider. Candy was vexed at Curley’s wife as she laid dead, â€Å"Ever’body knowed you’d mess things up†. He knew that if she didn’t disturb Lennie they would all be able to leave the ranch and have a good life together. Now that she had caused all these problems he had no respect for her at all and insulted her by using harsh names such as â€Å"lousy tart† and â€Å"bitch†. Women to those times weren’t seen as equals, they done what they were told and weren’t much use. Curley’s wife is a good example of a typical woman to those times. She is referred to as Curley’s wife and nothing else to show her lack of importance. She craves attention as no one pays her no mind, so she resorts to Lennie who listens too her dream. Her dream was to make something of her self by becoming an actress. â€Å"Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes – all of them nice clothes they wear. An’ I coulda sat in them big hotels, an’ had pitchers took of me.† she reminisces on the past were she had a chance of fulfilling her dream and all the materialistic things she would have had. She sounded ungrateful when she said, â€Å"I wouldn’t be livin’ like this, you bet† as if to say what Curley had to offer wasn’t good enough when that’s what nearly all women wish they could have. Her marriage to Curley was an escape from loneliness which seemed to have failed. As she was an attention seeker she used her sexuality to her advantage to lure in other men, even if they were at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Although the other men were aware of the sly schemes, Lennie was mesmerized by her beauty and was generally vulnerable. She even admitted that she was lonely to make Lennie feel sorry for her by saying, â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely.† She did this to make him feel sorry for her and give in to her cunning ways. She had finally found someone dumb enough to listen to her pitiful life story without passing a judgment on her and it all started from, â€Å"Maybe I will yet.† Then with such passion she let lose what she had bottled up inside for a while. She couldn’t care about what Lennie had to say when he included his own dream in the conversation, â€Å"she went on with her story quickly, before she could be interrupted.† For someone desperate to talk to someone she seemed awfully ungrateful and selfish. She was fully aware of what he was capable of yet she still took the risk of getting to close. â€Å"She took Lennie’s hand and put it on her head† she told him to â€Å"Feel right aroun’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this was the biggest mistake she could have ever possibly made. â€Å"From the slightest jerk he began to panic. His child and animalistic side began to collide again. Like a child he held on and panicked, however, he didn’t realize he was hurting her and she wasn’t strong enough to struggle free. She died young and still could have made something of herself but she could never get another chance after that.† This quote is taken after Curley’s wife died, her dreams like the others but hers different of wanting to be famous were shattered. Crooks is just the isolated â€Å"nigger† at the bottom of the social hierarchy on the ranch who constantly got degraded by everyone. His status is even lower than any woman’s. Any black person to those times would have the most selfless dream, to be treated as an equal and to have freedom. George and Lennie were the only ones that communicated with Crooks so it probably made him feel somewhat wanted. Crooks also developed a desire to join the dream. Crooks constantly had to take everything thrown at him verbally by Curley’s wife as he had no status as a â€Å"busted-back nigger†. She constantly abused him and when he finally decided to stand up for him self he got knocked back down again. â€Å"Keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.† This shows that if Crooks did anything out of the ordinary it will be reported and he will be dealt with in harsh ways. It made him realise that he couldn’t take part in the dream, all hope had been lost thanks too the threat Curley’s wife made. Every character mentioned above presented their dreams in the form of a story to another character. Each of the dreams were different yet similar in many ways. All of the dreams resorted to freedom from somewhere or someone, and not to suffer from financial problems. They all wanted to be able to support themselves and survive from what they owned. The only difference being that some were unrealistic and they had different views of the dreams they wished too accomplish. In the past Curley’s wife was close to being an actress twice. Only thing that stopped her was her mother, who didn’t let this dream continue knowing what the consequences would be later on in life. George, Lennie and Candy were less than a month away from completing their task of obtaining the land. In the end Lennie accidentally ruined everything and didn’t even know what he had caused. Crooks wasn’t as close, he only had hopes of becoming apart of the dream, but nothing had been established officially. I think the situation on the whole affected George the most as it was originally his aim to work towards it and without it he felt like there was nothing left for him. He lost faith in his dream and his fellow companion. I believe Steinbeck looked at how the Great Depression affected the different people in America and sympathized on their behalf. All the characters represent all types of people in America; the elderly, disabled, women and the ethnic minorities. They all played important parts as they helped to show how major the issue was.